Afforestation and Establishment of Oases and Nature Reserves Along the Overland Hajj Route and the Al-Jadida Arar Border Area

Introduction:

A comprehensive report has been completed on the requirements of a study entitled: "Afforestation and Establishment of Oases and Nature Reserves Along the Overland Hajj Route and the Al-Jadida Arar Border Area."

The study was prepared for submission to the relevant authorities to obtain official approvals for the adoption and funding of the proposed initiative.

1. Background:

In line with the global trend toward environmental conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources, the concept of sustainable development has emerged as a framework that ensures long-term environmental benefits for future generations. In the tourism sector, this concept has evolved into the concept of sustainable tourism development, governed by three pillars: economic, social, and environmental sustainability.

Nature reserves are among the most important ecotourism features in Iraq. This study proposes the sustainable development of the overland Hajj Route by establishing a series of nature reserves and afforestation areas along both sides of the route. The study aims to transform the route into a vital ecotourism corridor that preserves biodiversity, enhances natural beauty, and contributes to ecological balance.

2. Study Objectives:

Afforestation and the establishment of nature reserves along the Hajj route aim to achieve the following:

• Stabilize the fragile desert environment, reduce the intensity of dust storms, improve local humidity, and prevent soil degradation caused by erosion.

• Support agricultural investment and assist livestock breeders by providing water sources and enhancing ecological balance.

• Provide opportunities for scientific research in the field of wildlife monitoring and ecosystem studies.

• Promote sustainable development in remote areas and improve the use of marginal lands.

• Enhance environmental awareness and education.

• Provide rest areas for pilgrims and travelers, providing a more comfortable journey and encouraging recreation in the lap of nature in picturesque green environments.

3. Study Location:

The proposed development area is located within the administrative boundaries of Anbar Governorate, specifically in the northern Badia region in western Iraq. As shown in Map 1, the route starts from the intersection of the Hajj Overland Road with the Baghdad-Trebil Expressway, extends from the 160 km mark to the city of Al-Nukhayb (144.8 km), and continues to the border customs complex for a total length of 259.2 km.

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